Waveguide Slot Array Antenna Design

1. Slotted Waveguide Array Antennas
2. Slotted Waveguide Antenna
3. Slotted Waveguide Antenna Pdf
4. Waveguide Horn Antenna
5. Slot Waveguide Antenna

The array design is modular (with four sym- metric modules) to ease fabrication and to maximize transportability and repairability A rectangular waveguide corporate-feed network is used to minimize. If the waveguide slot antenna is designed in this manner, then all of the slots can be viewed as being in parallel. Hence, the input admittance and input impedance for an N element slotted array can be quickly calculated: The input impedance of the waveguide is a function of the slot impedance. A planar slotted waveguide array antenna has been designed at 9.37 GHz for X-band radar applications. The antenna consists of multiple branchline waveguides with broadwall radiating shunt slots.

In this paper, a T-shaped waveguide is proposed and a 2 6 antenna array with metal fences working at 35 GHz is designed based on this new waveguide. The radiating slots etched on the top of waveguide without cutting into the broadside and the height of profile is decreased.

1. Elliott RS (1983) An improved design procedure for small arrays of shunt slots. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag 31:48–53CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2. Elliott RS, Kurtz LA (1978) The design of small slot arrays. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag 26:214–219CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3. Josefsson LG (1987) Analysis of longitudinal slots in rectangular waveguide. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag 35:1351–1357CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4. Khac TV, Carson CT (1973) Impedance properties of a longitudinal slot antenna in the broad face of a rectangular waveguide. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag 21:708–710CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5. Kurtz LA, Yee JS (1957) Second-order beams of two-dimensional slot arrays. IRE Trans Antennas Propag 5:356–362CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6. Lyon RW, Sangster AJ (1981) Efficient moment method analysis of radiating slots in a thick-walled rectangular waveguide. IEE Proc 128(pt.H):197–205Google Scholar
7. Maxum BJ (1960) Resonant slots with independent control of amplitude and phase. IRE Trans Antennas Propag 8:383–388CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8. Oliner AA (1957) The impedance properties of narrow radiating slots in the broad wall of rectangular waveguide. IRE Trans Antennas Propag 5:1–20CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9. Park SH, Hirokawa J, Ando M (2003) Simple analysis of a slot with a reflection-canceling post in a rectangular waveguide using only the axial uniform currents on the post surface. IEICE Trans Commun 86(8):2482–2487Google Scholar
10. Rangarajan SR (1989) Compound radiating slots in a broad wall of a rectangular waveguide. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag 37:1116–1123CrossRefGoogle Scholar
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12. Sakakibara K, Hirokawa J, Ando M, Goto N (1996) Periodic boundary condition for evaluation of external mutual coupling in a slotted waveguide arrays. IEICE Trans Commun 79:1156–1164Google Scholar
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19. Watson WH (1947) The physical principles of wave guide transmission and antenna system. Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar
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A slot antenna consists of a metal surface, usually a flat plate, with one or more holes or slots cut out. When the plate is driven as an antenna by an applied radio frequency current, the slot radiates electromagnetic waves in a way similar to a dipole antenna. The shape and size of the slot, as well as the driving frequency, determine the radiation pattern. Slot antennas are usually used at UHF and microwave frequencies at which wavelengths are small enough that the plate and slot are conveniently small. At these frequencies, the radio waves are often conducted by a waveguide, and the antenna consists of slots in the waveguide; this is called a slotted waveguide antenna. Multiple slots act as a directivearray antenna and can emit a narrow fan-shaped beam of microwaves. They are used in standard laboratory microwave sources used for research, UHF television transmitting antennas, antennas on missiles and aircraft, sector antennas for cellular base stations, and particularly marine radar antennas. A slot antenna's main advantages are its size, design simplicity, and convenient adaptation to mass production using either waveguide or PC board technology.

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Structure[edit]

As shown by H. G. Booker in 1946, from Babinet's principle in optics a slot in a metal plate or waveguide has the same radiation pattern as a driven rod antenna whose rod is the same shape as the slot, with the exception that the electric field and magnetic field directions are interchanged; the antenna is a magnetic dipole instead of an electric dipole; the magnetic field is parallel to the long axis of the slot and the electric field is perpendicular. Thus the radiation pattern of a slot can be calculated by the same well-known equations used for rod element antennas like the dipole. The waves are linearly polarized perpendicular to the slot axis. Slots up to a wavelength long have a single main lobe with maximum radiation perpendicular to the surface.

Antennas consisting of multiple parallel slots in a waveguide are widely used array antennas. They have a radiation pattern similar to a corresponding linear array of dipole antennas, with the exception that the slot can only radiate into the space on one side of the waveguide surface, 180° of the surrounding space. There are two widely used types: Jacksonville florida casino cruise.

• Longitudinal slotted waveguide antenna - The slots' axis is parallel to the axis of the waveguide. This has a radiation pattern similar to a collinear dipole antenna, and is usually mounted vertically. The radiation pattern is almost omnidirectional in the horizontal plane perpendicular to the antenna over the 180° azimuth in front of the slot, but narrow in the vertical plane, with the vertical gain increasing approximately 3 dB with each doubling of the number of slots. The radiation is horizontally polarized. It is used for vertical omnidirectional transmitting antennas for UHF television stations. For broadcasting, a cylindrical or semicircular waveguide is sometimes used with several columns of slots cut in different sides to give an omnidirectional 360° radiation pattern.
• Transverse slotted waveguide antenna - The slots are almost perpendicular to the axis of the waveguide but skewed at a small angle, with alternate slots skewed at opposite angles. This radiates a dipole pattern in the plane perpendicular to the antenna, and a very sharp beam in the plane of the antenna. Its largest use is for microwave marine radar antennas. The antenna is mounted horizontally on a mechanical drive that rotates the antenna about a vertical axis, scanning the antenna's vertical fan-shaped beam 360° around the water surface surrounding the ship out to the horizon with each revolution. The wide vertical spread of the beam ensures that even in bad weather when the ship and the antenna axis is being rocked over a wide angle by waves the radar beam will not miss the surface.

History[edit]

The slot antenna was invented in 1938 by Alan Blumlein, while working for EMI. He invented it in order to produce a practical type of antenna for VHF television broadcasting that would have horizontal polarization, an omnidirectional horizontal radiation pattern and a narrow vertical radiation pattern.^[1][2]

Slotted Waveguide Array Antennas

Prior to its use in surface search radar, such systems used a parabolic segment reflector, or 'cheese antenna'. The slotted waveguide antenna was the result of collaborative radar research carried on by McGill University and the National Research Council of Canada during World War II.^[3] The co-inventors, W.H. Watson and E.W. Guptill of McGill, were granted a United States patent for the device, described as a 'directive antenna for microwaves', in 1951.^[4]

Other uses[edit]

In a related application, so-called leaky waveguides are also used in the determination of railcar positions in certain rapid transit applications. They are used primarily to determine the precise position of the train when it is being brought to a halt at a station, so that the doorway positions will align correctly with queuing points on the platform or with a second set of safety doors should such be provided.

See also[edit]

Slotted Waveguide Antenna

• Microwave Radiometer (Juno) (has a slot array antenna)
• RIMFAX (radar for Mars rover has slot antenna design)

References[edit]

1. ^Blumlein, Alan (1938-03-07), 'Improvements in or relating to high frequency electrical conductors or radiators', British patent no. 515684
2. ^Burns, Russell (2000). The life and times of A.D. Blumlein. Institution of Engineering and Technology. ISBN0-85296-773-X.
3. ^Covington, Arthur E. (1991). 'Some recollections of the radio and electrical engineering division of the National Research Council of Canada, 1946-1977'. Scientia Canadensis: Canadian Journal of the HIstory of Science, Technology and Medicine. 15 (2): 155–175. doi:10.7202/800334ar.
4. ^Watson, William Heriot; Guptill, Ernest Wilmot (6 November 1951), Directive Antenna for Microwaves, retrieved 20 December 2016

Structure[edit]

As shown by H. G. Booker in 1946, from Babinet's principle in optics a slot in a metal plate or waveguide has the same radiation pattern as a driven rod antenna whose rod is the same shape as the slot, with the exception that the electric field and magnetic field directions are interchanged; the antenna is a magnetic dipole instead of an electric dipole; the magnetic field is parallel to the long axis of the slot and the electric field is perpendicular. Thus the radiation pattern of a slot can be calculated by the same well-known equations used for rod element antennas like the dipole. The waves are linearly polarized perpendicular to the slot axis. Slots up to a wavelength long have a single main lobe with maximum radiation perpendicular to the surface.

Antennas consisting of multiple parallel slots in a waveguide are widely used array antennas. They have a radiation pattern similar to a corresponding linear array of dipole antennas, with the exception that the slot can only radiate into the space on one side of the waveguide surface, 180° of the surrounding space. There are two widely used types: Jacksonville florida casino cruise.

• Longitudinal slotted waveguide antenna - The slots' axis is parallel to the axis of the waveguide. This has a radiation pattern similar to a collinear dipole antenna, and is usually mounted vertically. The radiation pattern is almost omnidirectional in the horizontal plane perpendicular to the antenna over the 180° azimuth in front of the slot, but narrow in the vertical plane, with the vertical gain increasing approximately 3 dB with each doubling of the number of slots. The radiation is horizontally polarized. It is used for vertical omnidirectional transmitting antennas for UHF television stations. For broadcasting, a cylindrical or semicircular waveguide is sometimes used with several columns of slots cut in different sides to give an omnidirectional 360° radiation pattern.
• Transverse slotted waveguide antenna - The slots are almost perpendicular to the axis of the waveguide but skewed at a small angle, with alternate slots skewed at opposite angles. This radiates a dipole pattern in the plane perpendicular to the antenna, and a very sharp beam in the plane of the antenna. Its largest use is for microwave marine radar antennas. The antenna is mounted horizontally on a mechanical drive that rotates the antenna about a vertical axis, scanning the antenna's vertical fan-shaped beam 360° around the water surface surrounding the ship out to the horizon with each revolution. The wide vertical spread of the beam ensures that even in bad weather when the ship and the antenna axis is being rocked over a wide angle by waves the radar beam will not miss the surface.

History[edit]

The slot antenna was invented in 1938 by Alan Blumlein, while working for EMI. He invented it in order to produce a practical type of antenna for VHF television broadcasting that would have horizontal polarization, an omnidirectional horizontal radiation pattern and a narrow vertical radiation pattern.^[1][2]

Slotted Waveguide Array Antennas

Prior to its use in surface search radar, such systems used a parabolic segment reflector, or 'cheese antenna'. The slotted waveguide antenna was the result of collaborative radar research carried on by McGill University and the National Research Council of Canada during World War II.^[3] The co-inventors, W.H. Watson and E.W. Guptill of McGill, were granted a United States patent for the device, described as a 'directive antenna for microwaves', in 1951.^[4]

Other uses[edit]

In a related application, so-called leaky waveguides are also used in the determination of railcar positions in certain rapid transit applications. They are used primarily to determine the precise position of the train when it is being brought to a halt at a station, so that the doorway positions will align correctly with queuing points on the platform or with a second set of safety doors should such be provided.

See also[edit]

Slotted Waveguide Antenna

• Microwave Radiometer (Juno) (has a slot array antenna)
• RIMFAX (radar for Mars rover has slot antenna design)

References[edit]

1. ^Blumlein, Alan (1938-03-07), 'Improvements in or relating to high frequency electrical conductors or radiators', British patent no. 515684
2. ^Burns, Russell (2000). The life and times of A.D. Blumlein. Institution of Engineering and Technology. ISBN0-85296-773-X.
3. ^Covington, Arthur E. (1991). 'Some recollections of the radio and electrical engineering division of the National Research Council of Canada, 1946-1977'. Scientia Canadensis: Canadian Journal of the HIstory of Science, Technology and Medicine. 15 (2): 155–175. doi:10.7202/800334ar.
4. ^Watson, William Heriot; Guptill, Ernest Wilmot (6 November 1951), Directive Antenna for Microwaves, retrieved 20 December 2016

Slotted Waveguide Antenna Pdf

External links[edit]

Waveguide Horn Antenna

• 'Slot Antennas'. Antenna Theory.
• Slotted Waveguide Antennas Antenna-Theory.com

Slot Waveguide Antenna